StudyGallery.com Allergy and Asthma

1) Asthma treatment adrenoreceptor agonists

Leukotriene receptor antagonists take longer to show effects

2) Sympathomimetic agents reliever or bronchodilator

Muscarinic antagonists prevent contraction for airway smooth muscle

1) Steroids decrease creation of the inflammatory mediators

Muscarinic antagonists are an alternative to Beta 2 agonists

2) Inhaled corticosteroids block release of inflammatory mediators

Corticosteroids are for long term maintenance

3) Steroids prevent mast cell activation

Leukotriene receptor antagonists are for long term maintenance

Steroids block asthmatic airways from lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells

Steroids can enter cell membrane by dissolving in fats, oils, or lipids

Steroids block creation of inflammatory cytokines in immune cells

Corticosteroids stop creation of prostaglandin and leukotriene

Steroids in mast cells, they increase the production of annexin-1 proteins that inhibit the enzyme phospholipase A2. This stops the conversion of membrane phospholipid into arachidonic acid and decreases the synthesis of leukotrienes and prostaglandins.

Corticosteroids also downregulate the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2, which reduces the production of prostaglandins

Finally, they also inhibit the proliferation of Th2 cells, which reduces the production of IL-4 and IL-5, further reducing the activity of mast cells and eosinophils.

Histamine produced by basophils and mast cells

Histamine increases flow to capillaries to white blood cells

Histamine cause local inflammation

Histamine cause widened blood vessels

Four types of histamine receptors H1, H2, H3, H4

First generation H1 blockers block H1 receptors

First generation H1 blockers block receptors in the brain which can cause drowsiness

Second generation H1 produce less side effects

annexin-1 proteins
enzyme phospholipase A2

arachidonic acid
leukotrienes, Prostaglandins

enzyme phospholipase A2
membrane phospholipid

membrane phospholipid
arachidonic acid

Steroids
annexin-1 proteins, mast cells

What do inhaled steroids treat? Inflammation

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How long can some inhaled steroids take for a response? Weeks

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Which is reversible? Asthma

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What does a muscarinic antagonist block? Acetycholine

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Which is more effective for asthma? Beta 2 Agonist

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Which is more effective for COPD? Muscarinic Antagonist

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How long can corticosteroids take to reach effective levels? 2 to 3 weeks

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Which is correct of leukotriene receptor drugs? Antagonists

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Which is recommended for leukotriene receptor antagonists? Exercise induced asthma

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What is used to reduce inflammation? Steroid

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What do basophils produce? Histamines

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What do anticholinergics affect to promote bronchodilation? Vagus nerve

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Which takes longer to show effects? Leukotriene receptor antagonists

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What do muscarinic antagonists prevent for airway smooth muscle? Contraction

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What is used as an alternative to Beta 2 agonist? Muscarinic antagonist

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Which is for long term maintenance? Corticosteroid

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Which is Leukotriene receptor antagonists for? Long term maintenance

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